First farmers (4000_1000 BC)

Introduction 
Humans learn farming and domesticating animals in a long age with these learnings we go to another age name farming age after that time humans living had gradually expanded.


Farming
The first farming communities were lived in a place named arc of fertility in Middle east.They cultured wheat and barley and nurture goat,sheep,pig and caws and make their meat,milk,skin and wool from doing this.Gradually we have some progress in making tools and it led that people clear the place easier and build houses.When people find out how to make houses for the first time humans settled down some were and make villages.After that farming in other fertility lands like China,North west India,Iran,Egypt,South Europe and Mexico begin.


Domesticating animals
Dog was the first animal that domesticated.Humans domesticated dog in 10000 years BC.Humans use dogs for hunting and for its protection.Goats and sheep have domesticated after a while.Animal husbandry's learned how to domesticate the animals and that was use full for them.But in the begging of the age of farming humans hunt the animals too.The buffalo was one of the animals that it's generation became extinct.


Irrigation
One of the greatest innovations of mankind was irrigation system.Humans can watered their croplands with excavated channel that water flows in them.Farmers in arc of fertility watered their croplands in this way.In that case lands that was far from the rivers can be watered too. Egyptians and Chinese watered their croplands with controlling outburst of their rivers.In the wet areas drainage was so important too.After beginning of farming age mutually beneficial trade with the adjacent areas led progressing commercial and lead people to civilization and urbanization.   

       

Humans in 40000 to 10000 years BC

Introduction
The first humans were  not much like us. Like the other animals they have evolved in million years. Until 50000 years ago modern human or the double smart  human arose.


Australopithecus
We named the first hominids, Australopithecus. Fossils of this creatures have found in East Africa. They had upright body and they made very simple tools from stones. We can’t name Australopithecus truly human being because the brain of this creature is much smaller than a human.  
  
The skilled and upright human
Skilled human appeared in 2 million years ago. This hominid was so smarter than Australopithecus and he lives in the end of its age. The fossils of the upright human have found in Africa and Asia. The upright humans use fire for warming their self, cooking foods and also migrate. Brain of the upright humans was bigger than the skilled humans.


Neanderthals
In 200000 years ago the smart human have arose. In that time another type of humans named Neanderthals arose too. Neanderthals were compatible with the cold weather of the latest ice age and they lived in Middle east and Europe. They make types of stone tools and probably they can say a few words. Neanderthals generation have extinct so quick. We have found the latest fossils of these creatures in Spain. These fossils have 28000 years old.       



Kromanion human
Probably the modern human came from the Kromanion. Kromanion was a type of food gathering humans who replaced Neanderthals. They were scattered in Europe and Middle East. Kromanion made their food from gathering seeds, fruits, edible roots and hunting wild animals. They lived in caves and natural shelters. In 40000 years ago another type of human that have a bigger brain arose. They were more similar to modern human as they were more intelligent than the others and could say more words. The paintings of France, Spain and the large desert of Africa belong to these humans.